In 1931 standard oil company of new york merged with vacuum oil company another trust company to form soconyvacuum, which in 1966 became mobil oil corporation. The history of the standard oil company is a book written by journalist ida tarbell in 1904. The evolution of standard oil rockefellers juggernaut was split into 34 companies. Search the history of over 431 billion web pages on the internet.
Two other turning points relative to the standard oil were occurring concurrently with the exposure of the standard oil company by tarbells book. This 18page chapter deals with the united opposition of producers which developed against j. George rice on railroad rates for twenty years george rice attempted to remain in the refining business despite what he claimed. Drake strikes oil near titusville, pa find was an unremarkable hole, producing only about 10 barrelsday. Featured texts all books all texts latest this just in smithsonian libraries fedlink us genealogy lincoln collection. Standard oil built its first oil refinery in pennsylvania, then later expanded its extensive. Chapter 6 from the history of the standard oil company. Rockefeller the richest figure in americas history. Rockefeller, the richest figure in american history. This 18page chapter deals with the united opposition of producers which developed against. In 1975 standard oil company new jersey consolidated its operations under a new name.
The sae wanted a system that reflected the suitability of an oil for use as an engine lubricant and was easy for the consumer to understand. The history of the standard oil company was credited with hastening the breakup of standard oil, which came about in 1911. Due in part to catastrophes like the oil spill from the exxon valdez on march 24th 1989 and the recent increase in reporting on global warming, by now most people are at least passively aware of the environmental. The history of the standard oil company ida minerva. Stock split history split date split company name june 12, 1951 21 standard oil february 10, 1956 31 standard oil july 14, 1976 21 exxon may 15, 1981 21 exxon august, 1987 21 exxon march 14, 1997 21 exxon june 20, 2001 21 exxonmobil split date split company name december 10, 1948 2% stock dividend socony vacuum oil. May 20, 2008 in 1881, the atlantic magazine published henry demarest lloyds essay the story of a great monopolythe first indepth account of one of the most infamous stories in the history of capitalism. The house she lived in in easton became a national historic landmark in 1993. Briefer version and ida tarbell was the writer whose dramatic revelations eventually lead to effective regulation of. Excerpts from the nineteen installments published by mcclures magazine. Rockefellers heavyhanded dominance of their industry.
Rockefeller and his associates turn to the infant field of public rela. On the standard oil company national humanities center. The articles also helped to define a growing trend to investigation, in john d. Rockefeller, random reminiscences of men and events, 1909 pub. Open library is an open, editable library catalog, building towards a web page for every book ever published. The chart of the week is a weekly visual capitalist feature on fridays a couple of weeks ago, we published an infographic showing how the list of the most valuable companies in the u. The argument did not convince the court of the innocence of the standard in the questions at issue. Their initial specification defined five different numbered grades for motor oil 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50. The history of the standard oil company remains a classic of investigative reporting, and tarbells legacy as a someone who took seriously the credo that journalists should afflict the comfortable and comfort the afflicted lives on. Our history memories and milestones exxon and mobil. History of the oil and gas industry library of congress. Standard oil new jersey and standard oil new york were original members of the standard oil trust formed in 1882. Very few of the forty millions of people in the united states who burn. Free kindle book and epub digitized and proofread by project gutenberg.
Sae published the first version of their standard sae j300 for motor oil viscosity. Detergent gasolines in 1968, mobil was the first to develop detergent gasolines. It was an expose of the standard oil company, run at that time by oil tycoon john d. In 1974, mobil introduced the first synthetic motor oil mobil 1. Standard acted within austria through its austrian subsidiary, vacuum oil company ag, vienna, but let libby direct its negotiations with the state department in. Rockefeller and henry flagler as a corporation in ohio, it was the largest oil refiner in the world of its time. The history of the standard oil company full text ida. Presence of oil wellknown in northwestern pennsylvania investors become interested in possibility of selling oil commercially colonel edwin drake hired to drill test wells 1859. Rockefeller, who began his career in refining, became the industrys first baron in 1865, when he formed standard oil company. The study of the standard oil companyof which this book is the outcomewas undertaken by the author while ricardo scholar in economics at harvard. In that year it purchased the pacific coast oil company and in 1906 incorporated all its western. It is an expose about the standard oil company, run at the time by oil tycoon john d.
However, the first major oil company was the standard oil company founded by john d. Aug 05, 2012 the history of the standard oil company by ida minerva tarbell, 1905, mcclure edition. A very rare copy of this, the first appearance of a modern war for independence, chapter 6 of part 2 of ida tarbells groundbreaking history of the standard oil company. Nov 24, 2017 the evolution of standard oil rockefellers juggernaut was split into 34 companies. Originally serialized in 19 parts in mcclures magazine, the book was a seminal example of muckraking, and. Exxon and the control of oil journal of american history.
If a dealer bought but a barrel of oil a year, it must be from mr. The standard oil company new jersey the journal of. This muckraking classic, which eventually led to regulation of the standard oil company, was the inaugural work for crusading journalists whose mission was to expose corruption and abuse during the early 20th century. The unabridged edition, long out of print, of ida tarbells studyexpose of the history of the standard oil company is an american classic, a model of careful research, detailed analysis, clear expository writing, and social mission. Tarbell is remembered for her muckraking journalism and her expose of the standard oil company. They became separate companies in the 1911 dissolution of standard oil. Due in part to catastrophes like the oil spill from the exxon valdez on march 24th 1989 and the recent increase in reporting on global warming, by now most people are at least passively aware of the environmental dangers involved with the worlds dependency on oil.
The invention of the kerosene lamp in the mid 1850s led to the establishment of the first u. Standard oil dominated the first two decades of the oil and gas industry, and the u. February 1, 2011 abstract this paper surveys the history of the oil industry with a particular focus on the events associated with significant changes in the price of oil. The history of the standard oil company is listed number five among the top 100 works of twentiethcentury american journalism by the new york times in 1999. The history of the standard oil company full text ida m. Jun 01, 2012 standard oil new jersey and standard oil new york were original members of the standard oil trust formed in 1882. In 1881, the atlantic magazine published henry demarest lloyds essay the story of a great monopolythe first indepth account of one of the most infamous stories in the history of capitalism. Rockefeller and partners incorporate the standard oil co. The history of the standard oil company is a 1904 book by journalist ida tarbell.
Oil 101 history of oil a timeline of the modern oil. The standard oil trust was chosen for obvious reasons. Rockefeller joined forces with some partners, bringing standard oil together with other businesses to form a trust called the south improvement company. Oil 101 history of oil a timeline of the modern oil industry. It has been hailed as one of the top ten of journalisms greatest hits. Rockefeller and associates, controlling almost all oil production, processing, marketing, and transportation in the united states. The first was the industrial revolution, which was a time of mass production and labor.
Written by journalist ida tarbell in, the history of the standard oil company was an expose of the standard oil company, run at that time by oil tycoon. Tarbell in the chapter the rise of the standard oil company, tarbell describes how john d. One publication spearheading these exposes was mcclures magazine, and ida tarbell was the writer whose dramatic revelations eventually lead to effective regulation of the standard oil company. Rockefellers motto, and from the beginning of his campaign in the markets his agents accepted and acted on that principle. The rise and progress of the standard oil company faculty of. The history of the standard oil company by ida tarbell, first.
Originally serialized in 19 parts in mcclures magazine, the book was a seminal example of muckraking, and inspired many other journalists to write about trusts. This is the full and complete digital version of both volumes, plus all appendices, illustrations, charts, tables, footnotes, index and fully hyperlinked. Then the us corporates wanted to get in the global business, above all, john d. Motor oil in 1952, jersey standard introduced uniflo motor oil, the first multigrade motor oil for both summer and winter use. Today, mobil 1 is the worlds leading synthetic motor oil brand. The history of the last century is the history of oil. The history of the standard oil company by ida minerva tarbell, 1905, mcclure edition. Rockefeller 18391937, founder of the standard oil company, became one of the worlds wealthiest men as americas first billionaire and a major philanthropist. Like the john browns legacy assessment, this question gauges students ability to evaluate the relevance of contextual information for determining the motivations of an author. The aim of this discussion is to elucidate the evolution of the management concepts, organizational patterns, and policies of the standard oil company new jersey. Its history as one of the worlds first and largest multinational corporations ended in 1911.
Perspective significance of the history of the standard. Despite their efforts, historians largely ignore, marginalize, or criticize. Standard oil company stanford history education group. As the industry became more global in nature, other world markets in europe, russia and asia, began to play a much greater role. The company had ownership in 50 refineries, with a production capacity of almost 3 million barrels per day and featured the thirdlargest fleet among oil companies. Originally serialized in nineteen parts in mcclures magazine, the book is a seminal example of muckraking, and inspired many other journalists to write about trusts, large. The history of the standard oil company by ida tarbell. Rockefeller and his associates turn to the infant field of public relations. But standard exhibited little interest in the oil industry on the west coast before 1900. It is the most perfectly developed trust in existence. Students with a strong understanding of contextualization will be able to explain how the company. In point of fact, these topics are discussed primarily with reference to the origin and development of the standard oil combination under its various legal titles prior to 1911. Rockefellers business practices with his personal characteristics, creating an image of a cunning and ruthless person. Tarbell, the history of the standard oil company, mcclures magazine, 19021904.
Until 1917, the europeans were in command of the world. In 1911, after dissolution of the standard oil empire, eight companies retained standard oil in their names, but by the late 20th century the name had almost passed into history. The history of the standard oil company chapter 14. Its history as one of the worlds first and largest multinational corporations ended in 1911, when the u. Her story, serialized by mcclures in 1902 and 1903, tells the history of john d.
The court showed, out of the mouth of the trust agreement itself, that the standard oil company of ohio was managed in the interest of the standard oil trust irrespective of what might be its duties to the people of the state from which it derives its corporate life. The history of the standard oil company ebook by ida m. The history of the standard oil company clovis municipal school. Chapter 7 robber baron or industrial statesman digital history. Students with a strong understanding of contextualization will be able to explain how the companys growing control over the oil industry, and tarbells muckraking reports on standard oil, may have influenced kepplers depiction. It was the first in the field, and it has furnished the methods, the charter, and the traditions for its followers. The history of the standard oil company work by tarbell. Winkle is an associate professor of history at the. The history of the standard oil company by tarbell, ida m. Students must select 2 facts and explain how they shed light on kepplers depiction of standard oil in his 1904 cartoon. The reader is asked to decide which label fits him best. The history of the standard oil company, originally a serial that ran in mcclures, is one of the most thorough accounts of the rise of a business monopoly and its use of unfair practices. By 1879, standard oil controlled not only 90% of americas refining capacity, but also its pipelines and gathering. The publication of ida tarbells muckraking classic, the history of the standard oil company, in mcclures magazine from 1902 to 1903 created a public firestorm, prompting john d.
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